Intelligent irrigation and integrated water and fertilizer system

After years of learning, practice, and application, Beijing Mengchuang Weiye Technology Co., Ltd. has developed a set of IoT system platform suitable for greenhouse irrigation water and fertilizer integration. The platform is designed specifically for field and greenhouse irrigation water and fertilizer integration, with complete equipment installation, automation debugging, IoT automatic control, mobile phone interaction and other modern irrigation modes. It is easy to operate, easy to learn and use, and suitable for top-level design and grassroots practical intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer system.

Integrated water and fertilizer technology is a new agricultural technology that integrates irrigation and fertilization. Water fertilizer integration refers to the use of a pressure system (or natural terrain drop) to mix soluble solid or liquid fertilizers with irrigation water according to the soil nutrient content and crop type's fertilizer requirements and characteristics. Through a controllable pipeline system, water and fertilizer are supplied, and after the water and fertilizer are mixed, they are sprayed evenly, regularly, and quantitatively through pipelines, spray guns, or nozzles in the crop development and growth area, so that the soil in the main development and growth area always maintains a loose and suitable moisture content. At the same time, according to the fertilizer requirements of different crops, soil environment, nutrient content, and fertilizer requirements, the demand design for different growth stages is carried out, and water and nutrients are timely and quantitatively provided to crops directly in proportion.
  1、 Principle of Integrated Water and Fertilizer System
The integrated water and fertilizer system usually includes three parts: irrigation head hub, environmental moisture monitoring, and field water supply and distribution network system. In actual production, due to different water supply conditions and irrigation requirements, the fertilization system may only consist of some equipment.

2、 Irrigation head system

The irrigation head includes equipment and facilities such as inlet pump, power control cabinet, sand and gravel filter, automatic backwash laminated filter, automatic water and fertilizer integrated machine, pipeline and distribution control room, providing water source and meeting irrigation water and fertilizer needs.

(1)Sand filter

Sand and gravel filter, also known as quartz sand filter or sand filter, is a filter that uses homogeneous quartz sand of equal particle size to form a sand bed as a filter carrier for three-dimensional deep filtration. It is commonly used for primary filtration. It mainly uses sand and gravel as filter media for filtration.

Sand and gravel filter is one of the media filters, and its sand bed is a three-dimensional filter with strong ability to intercept pollutants. It is suitable for deep well water filtration, agricultural water treatment, various water treatment process pretreatment, etc. It can be used in various places such as factories, rural areas, hotels, schools, horticultural fields, water plants, etc. Among all filters, sand and gravel filters are the most effective in treating organic and inorganic impurities in water. This type of filter has a strong ability to filter out and retain impurities, and can provide uninterrupted water supply. Whenever the organic content in water exceeds 10mg/L, regardless of the inorganic content, a sand and gravel filter should be used.

According to the irrigation project usage and filtration requirements, it can be used alone, in combination with multiple filters, or in combination with mesh filters or laminated filters. As a primary filter for mesh and laminated filters. Improve the filtration efficiency of mesh and laminated filters.

（2） Automatic backwash laminated filter

The fully automatic laminated filter comes with an electronic control device that can control all steps of backwashing using time intervals and pressure differentials. Once set, it can be used for a long time. The automatic backwash filter completes the entire automatic backwash process within seconds without interrupting its operation. The backwash is automatically initiated by the set time or pressure difference signal, and the backwash valve changes the direction of water flow in the filtration unit. The spring on the filter element is pushed open by water pressure, and all discs and small pores between discs are released. The nozzle located in the center of the filter element sprays water along the tangential direction, causing the disc to rotate. Under the scouring of the water flow and the centrifugal force of the high-speed rotation of the disc, the objects trapped on the disc are washed out. Therefore, a very small amount of self use water can achieve a good cleaning effect. Then the backwash valve returns to the filtering position, and the spring on the filter element presses the disc again, returning to the filtering state. The backwash water is filtered by the system.

Accurate filtration, different precision filter discs can be selected according to water requirements, with various specifications such as 20 microns, 55 microns, 100 microns, 130 microns, 200 microns, 400 microns, etc. The filtration ratio is greater than 85%.

（3） Automatic water fertilizer integrated machine

The automatic fertilization irrigation system is capable of executing precise fertilization control processes and is a fertilization system that is directly connected to the front end of the irrigation main pipeline or connected to the irrigation area through a bypass pipeline. This system can be easily and quickly connected to any irrigation system or irrigation head, and can be used for irrigation in existing farmland and greenhouse irrigation.

Standard configuration list:

1. A set of irrigation controller with a Chinese intelligent operation interface.

2. A stainless steel anti-corrosion fertilizer pump (1.5HP).

3. A set of EC/PH detection units.

4. An electric control distribution cabinet that includes terminal connection terminals.

5. Three Venturi fertilizer injection pumps, each with a maximum flow rate of 400 liters per hour.

7. Three visual adjustable fertilizer flow meters.

6. Three fertilizer solenoid valves.

8. Three one-way valves.

9. 1 electronic flow meter (standard DN50).

10. 1 pressure transmitter.

11. 1 pressure gauge.

12. 1 air valve.

13. 1 laminated filter (standard DN40).

14. 3 fertilizer buckets (standard configuration 100L).

15. Three fertilizer filters and pipelines.

16. Aluminum alloy frame, sturdy, beautiful and durable.

17. Corrosion resistant SUPVC fittings.

Standard system functions:

1. Chinese operating system, user-friendly interface, provides secure password settings, facilitates user permission management and system security operation.

   
   

   

   2. Support the operation of irrigation quantity or irrigation time control system, support automatic control of soil moisture sensing, and provide 10 optional irrigation programs (expandable to 50).

   3. Standard control of 10 irrigation solenoid valves; It can be expanded to 50.

   

   
   

   
   

   
   

   4. Standard connection with 3 fertilizer injection devices (users can add additional fertilizer injection devices according to actual needs, up to a maximum of 8 channels), depending on the fertilizer ratio

   Set EC/pH value or use standard formula (agricultural expert system) for automatic fertilization.

   5. Real time EC/pH detection control and automatic calibration function.

   6. Can control the liquid supply volume of each feeding tube.

   7. Real time monitoring of changes in input and output parameters, and automatic saving for viewing window screens, alarm event records, and important parameters

   Historical records, real-time curves, etc.

   8. System fault alarm output.

   9. Expansion of irrigation and fertilization technology.

   10. Water source head control function.

   11. Comes with a built-in 485 interface.

   12. Irrigation mode: zone cycling, timed and quantitative control, can automatically adjust irrigation time according to different time periods, and the control software can be written according to user requirements.

   2、 Soil moisture monitoring

   Referring to the Chinese agricultural industry standard NY/T 1782-2009 "Technical Specification for Monitoring Soil Moisture in Farmland", the real-time tube type ultrasonic soil moisture monitoring station uses 5 layers of measuring sensors to measure the temperature/humidity data of soil layers in the field at 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 50cm, and 80cm, respectively. The testing can be customized with three-layer, four layer, five layer, and six layer collection tubes according to user requirements, and the testing depth can also be adjusted.

Referring to the standards of China's water conservancy industry and the SL 364-2006 Soil Moisture Monitoring Specification, the layout requirements for vertical soil moisture measurement points are as follows: 20cm for one point method, 20cm and 40cm for two point method, and 10cm, 20cm and 40cm for three point method. Soil moisture can be monitored at depths of 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, and 100cm as needed.

（1） Online monitoring system for soil moisture

The soil moisture online monitoring system MC-TDRS is a soil moisture wireless sensor acquisition system with wireless data collection and transmission functions. Composed of a low-power, high-precision wireless data acquisition terminal and a soil temperature and humidity sensor. The data collection terminal has the ability of automatic collection and long-term low-power operation. The temperature and humidity sensor is based on the frequency domain dielectric constant detection principle and is compatible with internationally recognized soil detection sensor specifications.

TDRS is a high-precision soil temperature and humidity measurement sensor. Soil moisture measurement is based on the principle of time-domain reflection, and has the characteristics of small volume, high accuracy, and wide applicability to soil types. TDRS uses 70MHz frequency electromagnetic waves, which can minimize the influence of soil texture and soil salinity, and can be applied to various soil types. TDRS is used in fields such as soil temperature and humidity monitoring, soil moisture monitoring, irrigation management, etc.

Application areas: Remote sensing for multi-scale monitoring of soil moisture, real-time warning of geological disasters, and smart agricultural irrigation management.

(II)Tubular ultrasoundSoil moistureMonitoring station

The tubular ultrasonic soil moisture monitoring station is a non-contact soil moisture monitoring device that measures the humidity of each soil layer based on the frequency changes of electromagnetic waves emitted by the monitoring device in materials with different dielectric coefficients. It uses high-precision digital temperature sensors to measure the temperature of each soil layer. Being able to dynamically observe the soil moisture content of different soil layers, and conducting rapid, accurate, and comprehensive observations, enables people to achieve a high degree of perception of the soil.

The tubular ultrasonic soil moisture monitoring station adopts a layered observation structure, with one temperature observation point on the ground and one soil temperature and humidity measurement point every 10cm underground, to observe the soil temperature and humidity within the corresponding range.

1. Soil moisture (volumetric moisture content) measurement range: dry soil to saturated soil, laboratory measurement accuracy: ± 3%, field measurement accuracy: ± 5%, humidity resolution: 0.1%, temperature resolution: 0.1 ℃;

2. Temperature measurement range: -50 ℃~80 ℃, measurement accuracy ± 0.5 ℃, temperature resolution: 0.1 ℃;

3. Power supply method: Optional adapter DC12~24V wide voltage power supply or built-in lithium battery power supply;

3、 Agricultural Meteorological Monitoring Station

Monitor the air temperature, air humidity, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, photosynthetically active radiation, light intensity, soil temperature, soil humidity and other monitoring items in the environment online at any time, and upload all collected data to the IoT platform for remote storage. Real time data and historical data can be viewed through mobile phones and computers at any time.

It mainly consists of a touch screen data collector, environmental sensors, video surveillance system, and IoT data remote management platform. The data platform is a networked platform with Internet architecture, which has the monitoring function for each sub station, as well as the alarm processing, recording, query, statistics, report output and other functions for data.

1. Air temperature range: standard -30~70 ℃ accuracy: ± 0.2 ℃; Repeatability: ± 0.1 ℃

2. Air humidity range: 0-100% RH Accuracy: ± 3% RH (10% -90%) Repeatability: ± 0.1% RH

3. Atmospheric pressure measurement range: 10-1100mbar accuracy: 0.1mbar

4. Wind speed measurement range: 0-30m/s, 0-100m/s Response time: ＜ 1S Start wind speed: 0.4-0.8m/s

5. Wind direction measurement range: 0-360 ° Accuracy: ± 3 ° Starting wind speed: ≤ 0.5m/s

6. Spectral range of photosynthetically active radiation: 400-700nm Range: 0-2000 W/m2 Sensitivity: 5-50 μ v/μ mol · s-1

7. Rainfall measurement range: 0.01mm~4mm/min Accuracy: ≤± 3% Resolution: 0.1mm

8. Light intensity range: 0-200Klux Accuracy: ± 5% Resolution: 0.1Klux

9. Soil temperature measurement range: -40~120 ℃ Accuracy: ± 0.2 ℃ Resolution: 0.1 ℃

10. Soil moisture measurement range: 0-100% accuracy: ± 3% resolution: 0.1%

11. Total radiation spectrum range: 0.3-3 μ m; Measurement range: 0-2000W/m2

IIIAutomatic control system for field and greenhouse water pipe network

（1） LoRa wireless automatic irrigation control system

1. LoRa wireless gateway

LoRa is a low-power local area network wireless standard, with the biggest feature being that it can propagate farther than other wireless methods under the same power consumption conditions, achieving the unity of low power consumption and long distance. It expands the distance by 3-5 times compared to traditional wireless RF communication under the same power consumption.

Characteristics of LoRa

Transmission distance: 2-5 km in urban areas and 15 km in suburban areas.

Working frequency: The ISM frequency band includes 433, 868, 915 MH, etc.

Standard: IEEE 802.15.4g.

Modulation method: Based on spread spectrum technology, a variant of linear modulation spread spectrum (CSS) with forward error correction (FEC) capability, proprietary technology of Semtech company.

Capacity: One LoRa gateway can connect thousands of LoRa nodes.

Battery life: up to 3-10 years.

Security: AES128 encryption.

Transmission speed: several hundred to tens of Kbps, the lower the speed, the longer the transmission distance.

LoRa wireless gateway

It is a wireless intelligent gateway that integrates transmission protocols such as LoRa, 4G, WIFI, SDI-12, RJ45, RS485/232, etc. It can receive data collected by sensors through LoRa low-power wireless transmission protocol and directly control solenoid valves and other electrical devices wirelessly through this protocol. Built in industrial grade 4G wireless module, which can upload data to the cloud center in real time. Suitable for soil moisture monitoring, scientific experiments, water-saving irrigation, industrial parks, greenhouses, flowers and vegetables, grasslands and pastures, soil rapid testing, plant cultivation, sewage treatment, precision agriculture and other application scenarios.

Long wireless transmission distance: up to 500 meters to 2.5 kilometers, suitable for urban greening sprinkler irrigation, farmland irrigation, efficient water-saving irrigation in agriculture, greenhouse drip irrigation, etc.

1. LoRa wireless node

   
   

   The wireless node module adopts an efficient ISM band RF Lora spread spectrum chip, providing multiple channel options. The module can modify various parameters such as serial port rate, transmission power, RF rate, etc. online. Modules can transparently transmit data of any size, without the need for users to write complex settings and transmission programs. The module provides multiple interfaces, supports wide range voltage operation, and has a long transmission distance; Provide rich and convenient software programming settings, with a wide range of application areas; Wireless nodes can also provide power to front-end sensor devices. The node contains an intelligent power module that can control the power on and off time to achieve low power consumption of the device. It can work for 3-5 years using lithium-ion batteries (depending on the frequency of power on and off).

   Technical parameters:

3. LoRa wireless node solenoid valve controller

The LoRa wireless solenoid valve controller can control all pulse solenoid valves on the market. No need to install a power cord, just bring your own battery and you can use it

The switch control of the pulse solenoid valve exceeds 30000 times. Communicate with the intelligent gateway in LoRa wireless transmission mode. Real time detection of battery level, allowing users to be informed in advance of replacement without affecting production operations. Easy to install.

Product features:

☆ Long wireless transmission distance: up to 500 meters to 2.5 kilometers

☆ Low power consumption, battery life up to 2 years, working environment at -22 ℃ -70 ℃

☆ Easy installation and flexible management, with advantages when mobile devices and additional devices are needed

☆ Stable transmission, automatic frequency hopping through 8 frequency bands

☆ IP68 protection level, more reassuring to use

☆ Compatible with different brands of solenoid valves at home and abroad, such as Toro, Hunter, RainBird, Bormet, Raphael, Netfim, etc

4. LoRa wireless node sensor

① Long wireless transmission distance: up to 500 meters to 2.5 kilometers

② Low power consumption, 3.6V battery life can reach 2 years

③ The steel needle is made of high-quality materials that can withstand long-term electrolysis, acid and alkali corrosion

④ The electrode is made of specially treated alloy material with high measurement accuracy and stable performance

⑤ IP68 protection level, more reassuring to use

⑥ Can be connected to sensors for soil temperature, humidity, salinity, conductivity, air temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, light, radiation, etc.

⑦ At the same time, 10 sets of sensors can be connected,

⑧ Can recognize MODBUS transmission protocols such as voltage and current analog signals, SDI-12, RJ45, RS485/232, etc.

（2） Automatic irrigation control system

1. Scope of application of automation control system platform:

Greenhouse planting, automatic irrigation, special breeding, food processing, cultural relics protection units, fermentation industry, edible mushroom cultivation, small meteorological data monitoring, tissue culture rooms, and various parameters that need to be accurately monitored online at any time, such as air temperature, air humidity, carbon dioxide, light intensity, soil moisture, soil temperature, etc

2. The intelligent greenhouse control cabinet can set various operating parameters and automatically control the target values and opening/closing times of rolling shutters, skylights, side windows, internal sunshades, external sunshades, fans, outward windows, heating equipment, etc. by monitoring the environmental temperature, humidity, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, etc. inside the greenhouse. By monitoring soil moisture, soil temperature, conductivity, and other parameters, it can automatically control the target values of solenoid valves, water pumps, fertilization system equipment, etc.

3. Greenhouse data collection: multi-channel sensor data including air temperature, air humidity, carbon dioxide, light intensity, soil temperature, soil humidity, etc.

4. Control items: roller blinds, ventilation (film rolling), heating, supplementary lighting, irrigation (drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation), etc

5. Automatic/manual control cabinet: [Manual * Stop * Auto], manual (local manual control mode); Stop (optional stop gear during non use or to prevent accidents); Automatic (using remote manual or fully automatic control).

6. Touch screen acquisition and control host, this machine can view data, set acquisition intervals, view network status, and remotely view, set, and control through TCP network port, GPRS wireless transmission methods, etc.

7. The automatic control cabinet can achieve local manual control, networked remote manual control, and networked enabled intelligent automatic control functions.

4、 Integrated Water and Fertilizer Configuration Plan

1. Water supply and distribution equipment: water pumps, stabilizing pumps, distribution boxes, etc

2. Sand and gravel filter: primary sand and gravel filter

3. Automatic backwash laminated filter: fine filtration, meets irrigation needs such as drip irrigation and micro spraying, automatic flushing, and avoids clogging.

4. Integrated water and fertilizer machine.

5. Agricultural meteorological and environmental monitoring station.

6. Soil moisture monitoring station.

7. Variable frequency control cabinet.

8. Greenhouse intelligent control system.

9. Wireless gateway.

10. Wireless node acquisition controller.